Kaurna Revival Crossword

This is no ordinary crossword, but a chance for you as a Language Revivalist to "fill in the gaps". We have created a series of Kaurna sentences that were all impossible to complete with known words. The missing words were created from a range of sources to help rebuild the language.

Instructions:
  1. Use the mini dictionary to translate the sentence.
  2. Search the list of 'Revived Kaurna' options for the word that best fits the sentence and number of letters in the space.
  3. If you get stuck, there is a clue(#) beside each Kaurna sentence.
  4. Type in your answer and then click 'CHECK'

Use the dictionary to translate the sentence!

Original Kaurna Translation
-ana Allative suffix 'towards'
karltatha
kati carrried; took
katilatilarna
kukuwardli hospital
maningka
marawiti octopus
marngarrinthi to worship; beg; entreat
marri slipped
Martu taste; flavour; smell; scent
mayinthi
Midlaitya
mina eye
miyurna
Naawi
naki saw
ngadliku
ngadlu we; us
ngai I; me
ngaityu me
Ngana
ngarkunthi to eat; drink; enjoy
Ngarraitya
ngarturna
ngathu
Niina
ninku
pa he; she; it
padnitha
padnithi
pardu
Parna
piipa
pukilyalu yesterday
pukiyana ancient
rnalitya
tarrkarrilyalu
tinkyu leaf
tuntarri always
tutha
waa where
wakina
wardli house; home
warpulainthi to work; exert (oneself)
warra voice; throat; word; language
warrarna
wita peppermint gum
yailtya
Yaintya
yaitya
yallara
yarapurlirrka
yartapirrti
yultiwirra stringbark forest
Revived Kaurna Translation Meaning
Borrowed from Nukunu
naalha echidna borrowed from nhaalha 'echidna' in Nukunu
Reworked from Kaurna
maityuwampu bicycle ‘bicycle’ is a calque on Adnyamathanha mikawiri ‘bicycle (lit. bat wing)’.
Narungga marawidji octopus marawiti ‘octopus’ is a calque on Narungga marawidji ‘octopus’ (lit. many hands).
kurdanyi rainbow we modify kurdanyi 'rainbow' for 'colour'.
mangamankarla striped 'striped' as mankamanka from 'maka', the 'long incision on the body when healed'.
Kantipartungka Australia Kantipartu ‘Australia’ is a calque on Yolŋu Matha makarr yindi ‘big thigh; mainland’
Borrowed from Hebrew
Yiuwa Jehova from Hebrew Jehova
Borrowed from Dharuk
Kuularlu koala kuula was borrowed from Dharuk kuula ‘koala’. English koala is a corruption of the original Dharuk work resulting from an error in transliteration.
Borrowed from English
kiwiti squid kiwiti ‘squid’ borrowed from English.
piipawardlingka school Piipawardli ‘school’ is a compound formed from piipa ‘book; letter’ (borrowed from English ‘paper’) combined with wardli ‘house; home’.
tulya police tulya ‘police’ derives from English ‘soldier’.
Sundayworli church Sundayworli - church - appears in a sentence recorded by Teichelmann (1857).
munapi cricket yaratapirriti ‘cricket’ derives from Yartapirriti ‘cricket’ (insect) by virtue of the homophony of the English cricket (insect) and cricket (game).
kardlapinti hell Kardlapinti ‘hell’ (lit. firepit) appears to be a calque on the English/German expression.
Puluki cow Puluki ‘cow’ derives from English ‘bullock’.
katinthu money Money, clearly a borrowing from English.
tala dollars Tala - dollars - is borrowed from English with a slight change in the vowel.
Tamiyaku tomahawk tamiyaku is borrowed from English ‘tomahawk’ which originally came from Algonquian, an Indigenous North American language’.
Mutyarta clothes mutyarta - clothes originates from English ‘my shirt’ and appears in T&S, 1840.
Borrowed from Tiwi
Puntunturlu helicopter The extension of puntuntu ‘dragonfly’ to ‘helicopter’ is a calque on Tiwi pipirriwina ‘dragonfly; helicopter’
Borrowed from Kanu
Wirramu Encounter Bay Wirramu appears to derive from Ramu, the Ramindjeri name for Encounter Bay/Victor Harbor. Kaurna words cannot begin with r, so an extra wi- syllable is added.
Borrowed from Maori
mukurntila computer mukurntu ‘computer’ (lit. brain + lightning) is a calque on Māori rorohiko ‘computer’.